Consent Observatory

Automated analysis of cookie banners on the web

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Nouwens, M., Kristensen, J. B., Maalt, K., & Bagge, R. (2025). A Cross-Country Analysis of GDPR Cookie Banners and Flexible Methods for Scraping Them. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2025).

What are consent pop-ups?

Cookie banners are interfaces that collect your permission to read and write data on your device, and permission to collect, process, or store any personal data. Many websites and apps use cookie banners. Unfortunately, many do not comply with data protection regulation. This website lets you automatically extract design features from those interfaces.

Here is an interactive example of a common consent interface design:

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We care about your privacy

We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services.

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Purposes

We collect data for a number of different reasons, as described below. You can click to consent to processing for these purposes.

Necessary

Necessary cookies help make a website usable by enabling basic functions like page navigation and access to secure areas of the website. The website cannot function properly without these cookies.

Preferences

Preference cookies enable a website to remember information that changes the way the website behaves or looks, like your preferred language or the region that you are in.

Statistics

Statistic cookies help website owners to understand how visitors interact with websites by collecting and reporting information anonymously.

Advertising

Advertising cookies are used to track visitors across websites. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and third party advertisers.

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Vendors

We process data on behalf of various vendors. You can click to consent to sharing data with these partners.

152 Media LLC

LinkedIn

Zendesk

play.google.com

browser.sentry-cdn.com

Meta Platforms, Inc.

152 Media LLC

AdServing Factory srl

Baidu USA

CleverPush GmbH

Extreme Reach, Inc

Infolinks Media, LLC

Live Data Solutions SL

Microsoft Advertising

Playrcart Limited

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